Astrocytes at the Hub of the Stress Response: Potential Modulation of Neurogenesis by miRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes

Table 1

Effect of stress over neurogenesis mediated by astrocytes.

Type of stress	Type of study	Cellular effect	Molecular mechanism	References
Acute and chronic induced by dexamethasone	In vivo	Growth inhibition of astrocytes	After inducing cell cycle exit by reduction of cyclin D1 and increase of p27	[128]
	In vitro	Inhibition of NSPC proliferation (cultured with CM of stressed astrocytes)	By altered expression of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF) and mitogenic factors (BFGF, VEGF) and death-inducing factors (FasL, Trail, Tweak, and TNFα)
Acute induced by dexamethasone or corticosterone	In vitro	Inhibition of astrocytes proliferation	By inducing reduction of GR expression	[129]
Chronic induced by administration of ACTH	In vivo	Inhibition of astrocytes proliferation	By inducing reduction of GR expression
Acute and chronic	In vivo	Regulation of mRNAs in a cell type-dependent fashion	By glucocorticoids receptors	[130]
Acute	In vivo	Increase hippocampus cellular proliferation	Increase of astrocytes FGF2 expression	[131]