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Materials | Properties | Principal uses | References |
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Decellularized human adipose tissue extracellular matrix (hDAM) | Maintains the major adipose tissue ECM components and 3D structure and includes collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and and vascular endothelial growth factor but lacks major histocompatibility complex antigen I | Adipose tissue engineering | [12] |
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Acellular cartilage matrices (ACMs) | Ideal 3D structure and physicochemical properties and good biocompatibility | Cartilage tissue engineering | [112] |
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Liver decellularized extracellular matrix (DCM) | Preserves macroscopic 3D architecture and the native composition, and ultrastructure remains a viscous liquid at low temperatures (at or under room temperature) and becomes gelation at 37°C | Liver tissue engineering | [113] |
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Paper-based bioactive scaffold | Microfibrous porous 3D architecture and biocompatible, cost-effective, mechanical robustness and water resistance | Bone tissue engineering | [117] |
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Hyaluronic acid scaffold | Biocompatibility, nonimmunogenicity, high hygroscopicity, and capacity to degrade into safe products | Muscle tissue engineering | [121] |
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Collagen | Nontoxic, biocompatible, and bioabsorbable, and it is FDA approved for use in humans | Adipose regeneration and adipose tissue engineering | [122, 124, 125] |
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Matrigel | Natural polymer and biocompatible | Adipose tissue engineering | [128] |
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Chitosan | Biodegradable, biocompatible, and an excellent hemostatic and analgesic agent with antioxidant properties | Skin reconstruction and skin tissue engineering | [128, 129] |
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