Evaluation of A-Site Ba<sup>2+</sup>-Deficient Ba<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.48895pt" id="M1" height="8.07707pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -3.58812 20.888 8.07707" width="20.888pt"><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,0,4.134)"><path id="g50-50" d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,5.85,4.134)"><path id="g54-33" d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,13.189,4.134)"><path id="g50-121" d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z"/></g></svg>Co<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>0.4</sub>Zr<sub>0.1</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.48894pt" id="M2" height="8.95722pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -4.46828 20.3575 8.95722" width="20.3575pt"><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,0,4.134)"><path id="g50-52" d="M290 377C321 398 342 415 358 430C378 450 389 473 389 502C389 578 329 635 238 635H237C184 635 137 610 109 578L64 515L88 493C112 529 154 573 208 573S303 542 303 482C303 409 233 370 141 341L149 308C165 313 190 319 215 319C272 319 341 283 341 193C342 98 292 43 222 43C163 43 122 72 96 94C88 101 79 100 70 94C61 87 47 73 46 60C44 47 48 37 62 23C76 10 118 -12 165 -12C238 -12 430 62 430 223C430 297 379 359 290 375V377Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,5.85,4.134)"><use xlink:href="#g54-33"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,13.189,4.134)"><path id="g50-226" d="M501 517C491 587 426 710 310 710C240 710 175 662 175 601C175 561 201 517 250 452C219 438 187 423 157 404C88 360 24 280 24 178C24 71 90 -12 195 -12C250 -12 297 6 334 32C412 87 452 170 452 249C452 335 408 396 333 481C259 565 229 601 229 621C229 642 245 652 275 652C359 652 427 583 490 499L501 517ZM364 233C364 142 323 33 222 33C173 33 119 81 119 178C119 265 156 335 193 374C213 395 242 413 272 425C308 384 364 319 364 233Z"/></g></svg> Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

<div>(a) Co 2p and Ba 3d core-level XPS results of BSCF and Ba<svg height="6.11899pt" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-3.40071pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -2.71828 15.8243 6.11899" width="15.8243pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,3.132)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z" id="g50-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.432,3.132)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z" id="g54-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.992,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path></g></svg>CFZY (<svg height="8.55521pt" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 57.1312 8.55521" width="57.1312pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.899,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.162,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.402,0)"><path d="M469 201V252H50V201H469Z" id="g190-178"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.187,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.427,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.391,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.631,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path></g></svg>). (b) Fe 2p core-level XPS results of BSCF and Ba<svg height="6.11899pt" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.40071pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -2.71828 15.8243 6.11899" width="15.8243pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,3.132)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z" id="g50-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.432,3.132)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z" id="g54-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.992,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path></g></svg>CFZY (<svg height="8.55521pt" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 57.1312 8.55521" width="57.1312pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.899,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.162,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.402,0)"><path d="M469 201V252H50V201H469Z" id="g190-178"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.187,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.427,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.391,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.631,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path></g></svg>).</div>

Scanning

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Evaluation of A-Site Ba<sup>2+</sup>-Deficient Ba<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.48895pt" id="M1" height="8.07707pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -3.58812 20.888 8.07707" width="20.888pt"><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,0,4.134)"><path id="g50-50" d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,5.85,4.134)"><path id="g54-33" d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,13.189,4.134)"><path id="g50-121" d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z"/></g></svg>Co<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>0.4</sub>Zr<sub>0.1</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.48894pt" id="M2" height="8.95722pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -4.46828 20.3575 8.95722" width="20.3575pt"><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,0,4.134)"><path id="g50-52" d="M290 377C321 398 342 415 358 430C378 450 389 473 389 502C389 578 329 635 238 635H237C184 635 137 610 109 578L64 515L88 493C112 529 154 573 208 573S303 542 303 482C303 409 233 370 141 341L149 308C165 313 190 319 215 319C272 319 341 283 341 193C342 98 292 43 222 43C163 43 122 72 96 94C88 101 79 100 70 94C61 87 47 73 46 60C44 47 48 37 62 23C76 10 118 -12 165 -12C238 -12 430 62 430 223C430 297 379 359 290 375V377Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,5.85,4.134)"><use xlink:href="#g54-33"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,13.189,4.134)"><path id="g50-226" d="M501 517C491 587 426 710 310 710C240 710 175 662 175 601C175 561 201 517 250 452C219 438 187 423 157 404C88 360 24 280 24 178C24 71 90 -12 195 -12C250 -12 297 6 334 32C412 87 452 170 452 249C452 335 408 396 333 481C259 565 229 601 229 621C229 642 245 652 275 652C359 652 427 583 490 499L501 517ZM364 233C364 142 323 33 222 33C173 33 119 81 119 178C119 265 156 335 193 374C213 395 242 413 272 425C308 384 364 319 364 233Z"/></g></svg> Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 

Scanning

Evaluation of A-Site Ba2+-Deficient BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Figure 4

Evaluation of A-Site Ba²⁺-Deficient BaCo_0.4Fe_0.4Zr_0.1Y_0.1O Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction