Schematic drawings showing different types of pupae according to the parasitoid genus. Top left: Dorsal view of a free pupae from Apocephalus, top right: claustral thoracic pupae from Apocephalus vicosae, viewed from ventral side, bottom left: claustral pupae from Eibesfeldtphora and Neodohrniphora coming out of the ant head between the mandibles (ventral view), and bottom right: claustral pupae from Myrmosicarius, viewed within ant head, under the tentorial arms (modified from [25]).
