Research Article
Fear Avoidance Beliefs and Risk of Long-Term Sickness Absence: Prospective Cohort Study among Workers with Musculoskeletal Pain
Table 1
Demographics, health, and work-related characteristics of the study population.
| | All | Sedentary workers | Physically active workers | | N | Mean (SD) | % | N | Mean (SD) | % | N | Mean (SD) | % |
| Age, years | 8319 | 43.7 (11.4) | | 3753 | 44.3 (10.8) | | 4349 | 43.2 (11.8) | | BMI (kg.m-2) | 8173 | 25.4 (4.4) | | 3698 | 25.3 (4.5) | | 4265 | 25.6 (4.4) | | Gender | | | | | | | | | | Women | 4779 | | 57.5 | 2188 | | 58.3 | 2469 | | 56.8 | Men | 3540 | | 42.6 | 1565 | | 41.7 | 1880 | | 43.2 | Smoking | | | | | | | | | | No, never | 3853 | | 46.9 | 1904 | | 51.2 | 1868 | | 43.6 | Ex-smoker | 2417 | | 29.4 | 1138 | | 30.6 | 1228 | | 28.6 | Yes | 1950 | | 23.7 | 679 | | 18.3 | 1192 | | 27.8 | Physical activity, leisure | | | | | | | | | | Low | 1121 | | 13.6 | 458 | | 12.3 | 623 | | 14.5 | Moderate | 5631 | | 68.5 | 2680 | | 72.0 | 2826 | | 65.9 | High | 1467 | | 17.9 | 585 | | 15.7 | 839 | | 19.6 | Physical activity at work | | | | | | | | | | Sedentary work | 3753 | | 46.3 | 3753 | | 100.0 | 0 | | 0.0 | Physically active work | 4349 | | 53.7 | 0 | | 0.0 | 4349 | | 100.0 | Psychosocial work factors (0-100) | | | | | | | | | | Emotional demands | 8161 | 45.3 (25) | | 3707 | 43 (23.3) | | 4287 | 47.2 (26.2) | | Influence at work | 8100 | 66.6 (24) | | 3689 | 71 (22.4) | | 4246 | 62.9 (24.6) | | Support from colleagues | 7651 | 72.5 (21.5) | | 3425 | 72.2 (21) | | 4072 | 72.8 (21.8) | | Support from leader | 7822 | 68.6 (26) | | 3524 | 69.3 (25.8) | | 4141 | 68.2 (26) | | Pain intensity (0-9) | | | | | | | | | | Neck/shoulder | 8301 | 3 (2.3) | | 3746 | 2.9 (2.2) | | 4339 | 3 (2.3) | | Low back | 8310 | 2.9 (2.5) | | 3753 | 2.5 (2.4) | | 4341 | 3.2 (2.5) | | Arm/hand | 8302 | 1.8 (2.3) | | 3747 | 1.6 (2.2) | | 4340 | 1.9 (2.4) | | Back disease | | | | | | | | | | No | 6699 | | 81.0 | 3099 | | 82.9 | 3434 | | 79.6 | Yes | 1568 | | 19.0 | 641 | | 17.1 | 879 | | 20.4 | Previous long-term sickness absence | | | | | | | | | | No | 7537 | | 90.6 | 3500 | | 93.3 | 3844 | | 88.4 | Yes | 782 | | 9.4 | 253 | | 6.7 | 505 | | 11.6 | Long-term sickness absence during 2-year follow-up | | | | | | | | | | No | 7475 | | 89.9 | 3450 | | 91.9 | 3837 | | 88.2 | Yes | 844 | | 10.2 | 303 | | 8.1 | 512 | | 11.8 |
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