Review Article

Trigeminal Neuralgia, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, and Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome: An Update

Table 2

Characteristics and management of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome in the maxillofacial region.

DiseasesClinical featuresPharmacological treatmentsSide effectsSurgical/local treatmentsLimitation

Myofascial pain dysfunction syndromePain, dull and aching type
Pain duration, constant
Intensity, moderate
Localization, diffuse
Characteristics, generalized, spontaneous
Trigger point, palpation, function
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(i) Indigestion
(ii) Stomach upset
(iii) Stomach bleeding
(iv) Peptic ulcer
(v) Fluid retention
Psychotherapy(i) Failure of episodic counseling and patient’s ignorance
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)(As stated in Table 1)Myotherapy(i) Regular monitoring is not possible
Injections(i) As it is a painful procedure, the patient feels uncomfortable during injection
Sedatives
(on condition)
(i) Apnea
(ii) Decreased mean arterial pressure
(iii) Tachycardia
(iv) Paradoxical excitement
Acupuncture (i) Painful procedure
Therapeutic ultrasound (i) A skilled person is needed, and the patient is still under observation