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| Diseases | Clinical features | Pharmacological treatments | Side effects | Surgical /local treatments | Limitation |
|
| Trigeminal neuralgia | Pain, electric shock like
Pain duration, seconds
Intensity, severe
Localization, good
Characteristics, trigger zone, diurnal
Trigger points, nonnoxious stimulus | Carbamazepine | (i) Development of resistance and intolerance
(ii) Dizziness
(iii) Nausea
(iv) Ataxia
(v) Vomiting
(vi) Xerostomia | Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy | (i) Recurrence of pain
(ii) Dysesthesia (troublesome numbness)
(iii) Loss of corneal reflex |
| Oxcarbazepine | (i) Dizziness
(ii) Fatigue
(iii) Nausea
(iv) Vomiting
(v) Headache
(vi) Acne
(vii) Dry mouth
(viii) Constipation | Ablative peripheral procedures (neurectomy) | (i) Less morbidity but with chance of recurrence |
| Gabapentin | (i) Dizziness
(ii) Fatigue
(iii) weight gain
(iv) Drowsiness
(v) peripheral edema | Microvascular decompression | (i) Low recurrence of pain
(ii) Chance of causing nerve damage
(iii) Haring loss, double vision, facial numbness, or paralysis |
| Pregabalin | (i) Dizziness
(ii) Blurred vision
(iii) Diplopia
(iv) Increased appetite and subsequent weight gain
(v) Euphoria, confusion, and vivid dreams
(vi) Changes in libido (increase or decrease)
(vii) Memory impairment
(viii) Tremors
(ix) Dry mouth
(x) Erectile dysfunction
(xi) Peripheral edema
(xii) Nasopharyngitis
(xiii) Increased creatinine kinase level |
| Topiramate | (i) Paresthesia
(ii) Nausea
(iii) Lack of concentration
(iv) Diplopia
(v) Nervousness and dizziness
(vi) Memory impairment
(vii) Speech disturbance
(viii) Disturbance
(ix) Diarrhea | Gamma knife radiosurgery | (i) Tenderness develops where the screws or pins were placed
(ii) Hair loss where the radiation was directed
(iii) Damage to surrounding tissues in the brain, caused by swelling |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | Pain, electric shock like
Pain duration, seconds
Intensity, severe
Localization, good
Characteristics, trigger zone, diurnal
Trigger points, nonnoxious stimulus | Valproates | (i) Skin rash
(ii) Hair loss
(iii) Weight gain | Myotherapy | (i) Regular monitoring is not possible |
| Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) | (i) Sedation
(ii) Dry mouth
(iii) Blurred vision
(iv) Breast enlargement in males
(v) Constipation, mania
(vi) Weight gain
(vii) High blood glucose level | Injections | (i) As it is a painful procedure, the patient feels uncomfortable during injection |
Sedatives
(on condition) | (i) Apnea
(ii) Physical dependence
(iii) Decreased mean arterial pressure
(iv) Tachycardia
(v) Paradoxical excitement | Acupuncture | (i) Painful procedure |
| Therapeutic ultrasound | (i) A skilled person is needed, and the patient is still under observation |
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