Review Article

Burning Mouth Syndrome: Aetiopathogenesis and Principles of Management

Table 2

Available agents or strategies for the management of BMS based on expert opinion and common clinical practice. Adapted from [2].

Pharmacological agents

(1) Topical
 (i) Clonazepam
 (ii) Capsaicin
 (iii) Doxepin
 (iv) Lidocaine
(2) Systemic
 (i) Tricyclic antidepressants
 (ii) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
 (iii) Serotonin-adrenalin reuptake inhibitors
 (iv) Anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin)
 (v) Opioids
 (vi) Benzodiazepines
 (vii) Alpha-lipoic acid

Nonpharmacological therapy

(1) Cognitive-behavioural therapy
(2) Mindfulness meditation
(3) Other relaxation techniques