Review Article
Burning Mouth Syndrome: Aetiopathogenesis and Principles of Management
Table 2
Available agents or strategies for the management of BMS based on expert opinion and common clinical practice. Adapted from [
2].
| Pharmacological agents |
| (1) Topical | (i) Clonazepam | (ii) Capsaicin | (iii) Doxepin | (iv) Lidocaine | (2) Systemic | (i) Tricyclic antidepressants | (ii) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | (iii) Serotonin-adrenalin reuptake inhibitors | (iv) Anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin) | (v) Opioids | (vi) Benzodiazepines | (vii) Alpha-lipoic acid |
| Nonpharmacological therapy |
| (1) Cognitive-behavioural therapy | (2) Mindfulness meditation | (3) Other relaxation techniques |
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