PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications

Table 4

PPAR action in trophoblast development and placental function (MUC-1: mucin-1; EVCT: extravillous cytotrophoblast; hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; Th2 T-helper 2 cell).

PPAR action in trophoblast development and placentation
PPAR	PPAR action	Model	Reference
PPARγ	Inhibits EVCT invasion	In vitro	Fournier et al. [78]
	Promotes trophoblast differentiation hCG secretion	In vitro	Tarrade et al. [89]
	Induces hCG production	In vitro	Schild et al. [93]
	Antiinflammatory	In vitro	Lappas et al. [91]
	Regulates fatty acid transport	In vitro	Schaiff et al. [90]
	Increases VEGF expression	In vitro	Depoix, unpublished
	Terminal differentiation, placental vascularization	Murine	Barak et al. [15]
	Controls MUC-1 expression	Murine	Shalom-Barak et al. [88]
	Stimulates trophoblast maturation	Murine	Asami-Miyagishi et al. [94]
	Modulates placental lipid metabolism	Murine	Capobianco et al. [95]
PPARβ/δ	Promotes placental development	Murine	Nadra et al. [8]
PPARα	Regulates placental lipid transfer	Murine/Human	Wang et al. [74]
PPAR action in pregnancy
PPARγ	Antiinflammatory	In vitro	Lappas et al. [96]
	Involved in inflammatory control and remodeling in the placenta	In vitro	Marvin et al. [97]
	Increased circulating PPARγ activators in normal pregnancy	In vitro/human	Waite et al. [73]
	Decreases in fetal membrane with labor	Human	Dunn-Albanese et al. [98]
PPARβ/δ	Increases in amnion with labor	Human	Berry et al. [99]
PPARα	Stimulates Th2 cytokine pattern during pregnancy	Murine	Yessoufou et al. [76]
	Declines in choriodecidua with labor	Human	Berry et al. [99]