PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications

Table 3

PPAR knock out models and placental pathology (PRIP: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR) interacting protein; RAP 250: nuclear receptor-activating protein 250).

PPAR knockout model	Placental pathology	Lethality	Reference
PPARα	No significant effect on placentation	20%	Yessoufou et al. [76]
PPARβ/δ	Poor placentation	>90%	Barak et al. [77]
PPARγ	Poorly developed labyrinth	100%	Barak et al. [15] Kubota et al. [82]
PPARγ coactivator PRIP	Reduced spongiotrophoblast layer	100%	Zhu et al. [79]
PPARγ coactivator RAP250	Reduced spongiotrophoblast layer	100%	Antonson et al. [80]
RXRα or β	Lack of labyrinth zone	100%	Sapin et al. [81]