Review Article
PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications
Table 2
Effects of metabolic conditions on pregnancy-specific diseases (GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; PE: preeclampsia; IUGR: Intrauterine growth restriction;
−: reduced risk; +: increased risk).
| Influence on pregnancy-specific diseases | Conditions | GDM | PE | IUGR | Reference |
| Diabetes | — | + | — | Ostlund et al. [36] | Advanced
maternal age | + | + | + | Delbaere et al. [53]
Odibo et al. [37] | Hypertension | — | + | + | Sibai et al. [38] | Optimal nutrition | − | − | − | Artal et al. [41]
Saftlas et al. [43]
Scholl et al. [39] |
| Optimal exercise | − | − | — | Artal et al. [41]
Zhang et al. [44]
Sorensen et al. [42]
Saftlas et al. [43] |
| Obesity | + | + | + | Cedergren [48]
Saftlas et al. [43]
O’Brien et al. [47]
Ros et al. [45]
Sebire et al. [46]
Bodnar et al. [49] |
| Metabolic syndrome | + | + | + | Ray et al. [50] | Insulin resistance | — | + | — | Wolf et al. [51] | Periconceptional multivitamins | — | − | — | Bodnar et al. [52] |
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