Research Article
Prevalence and Patterns of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Indian Heart Failure Population
Table 2
Demographic and clinical characteristics between HFrEF and HFpEF.
| | HFREF, (%) | HFPE, (%) | value () |
| | Gender | Male sex | 36 (63.15%) | 27 (58.69%) | 1.00 | | NYHA | II | 29 (50.87%) | 32 (69.56%) | 0.04 | | III | 21 (36.84%) | 12 (26.08%) | | IV | 7 (12.28%) | 2 (4.34%) | | Etiology | Ischemic type | 44 (77.19%) | 30 (65.21%) | 0.512 | | Drugs | BB | 16 (28.07%) | 14 (30.43%) | 0.664 | | ACEI/ARB | 10 (17.54%) | 7 (15.21%) | 1.00 | | Diuretics | 44 (77.19%) | 19 (41.30%) | 0.002 | | MRA | 23 (40.35%) | 1 (2.17%) | <0.001 | | ARNI | 9 (15.78%) | 0 (0%) | 0.009 | | Comorbidities | T2DM | 37 (64.91%) | 24 (52.17%) | 0.425 | | HTN | 24 (42.1%) | 29 (63.04%) | 0.017 | | Dyslipidemia | 17 (29.82%) | 16 (34.78%) | 0.398 | | Hypothyroidism | 7 (12.28%) | 5 (10.86%) | 1.00 | | CKD | 7 (12.28%) | 2 (4.34%) | 0.294 | | AF | 4 (7.01%) | 7 (15.21%) | 0.198 | | Symptoms | Snoring | 16 (28.07%) | 22 (47.82%) | 0.02 | | SOB during sleep | 15 (26.31%) | 16 (34.78%) | 0.280 | | Daytime sleepiness | 18 (31.57%) | 17 (36.95%) | 0.408 | | ESS | <10 | 21 (36.84%) | 19 (41.30%) | 0.838 | | ≥10 | 36 (63.15%) | 27 (58.69%) | | STOP BANG risk | Low risk | 26 (45.61%) | 7 (15.21%) | 0.006 | | Intermediate risk | 26 (45.61%) | 31 (67.39%) | | High risk | 5 (8.77%) | 8 (17.39%) | | Berlin Q | High risk | 20 (35.08%) | 23 (50%) | 0.072 | | Low risk | 37 (64.91%) | 23 (50%) |
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HFREF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; BB: beta blockers; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; ARNI: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AF: atrial fibrillation; SOB: shortness of breath; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Q: questionnaire.
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