|
| | Optimal location stimulation | Medial spread of current | Lateral spread of current | Anterior spread of current | Posterior spread of current | Dorsal or superior spread of current | Ventral or inferior spread of current |
|
| Subthalamic nucleus | |
| Anatomical structure stimulated | Dorsolateral aspect of subthalamic nucleus
(motor territory) | Cranial nerve III
Red nucleus
Limbic aspect | Corticospinal tract/internal capsule
Frontal eye field fibers of internal capsule | Corticospinal tract/internal capsule
Hypothalamus | Medial lemniscus | Internal capsule
Thalamus
Zona incerta | Substantia nigra reticulata
Internal capsule fibers |
| Clinical effects | Control of tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity | Diplopia,
eye deviation, dizziness
Sweating, nausea, paresthesia, warm sensation
Personality change
Depression, impulsivity | Facial pulling
Limb contraction contralateral side
Contralateral deviation of gaze | Facial pulling
Limb contraction contralateral side
Autonomic symptoms
Sweating, nausea | Paresthesia
(tingling, electrical sensation, numbness) | Contralateral muscle contraction
Improvement of dyskinesia/tremor
Improvement of dyskinesia/tremor | Mood changes
Depression
Muscle contractions |
| Globus pallidum | |
| Anatomical structure stimulated | Posteroventral aspect of globus pallidum | Internal capsule posterior limb | Globus pallidum externus
Putamen | Globus pallidum externus
Putamen | Internal capsule posterior limb | Globus pallidum externus | Optic tract |
| Clinical effects | Reduction of bradykinesia, rigidity, and dystonia | Contralateral muscle contractions | No effect | No effect | Contralateral muscle contractions | Putamen
No effect | Phosphenes |
| Thalamus | |
| Anatomical structure stimulated | Ventral intermedius nucleus located in the middle of thalamus | Medial aspect of nucleus,
centromedian nucleus/parafascicular nucleus | Internal capsule posterior limb | Ventral oralis anterior
Ventral oralis posterior | Ventral caudalis nucleus | Dorsal aspect of thalamic nucleus
Internal capsule fibers | Zona incerta
Medial lemniscus
Brachium conjunctivum |
| Clinical effects | Tremor control | Dysarthria | Dysarthria
Contralateral muscle contractions | No effect
Reduction of tremor | Paresthesia | No effect
Dysarthria | Improvement of tremor/dyskinesia
Paresthesia
ataxia |
|
