Ophthalmologic Baseline Characteristics and 2-Year Ophthalmologic Safety Profile of Pramipexole IR Compared with Ropinirole IR in Patients with Early Parkinson’s Disease
Table 3
Statistically significant multivariate predictors of baseline ophthalmologic outcomes (all-eyes models as described in Statistical Analyses).
Parameter
Predictor
Estimate
95% CI
P value
Number of letters correct
Age
−0.1817
−0.2487 to −0.1146
<0.00001
Hoehn–Yahr stage 2 versus 1
−1.6445
−3.1788 to −0.1102
0.03577
Cup-to-disc ratio vertical
Hoehn–Yahr stage 1.5 versus 1
0.1258
0.03915–0.2125
0.00462
Cup-to-disc ratio horizontal
Hoehn–Yahr stage 1.5 versus 1
0.1162
0.03253–0.1999
0.00670
Spheroid
Age
0.04223
0.01230−0.07215
0.00588
ERG amplitude a-wave single flash cone response
Hoehn–Yahr stage 2.5 versus 1
17.6000
2.4890–32.7110
0.02264
ERG amplitude b-wave single flash cone response
Hoehn–Yahr stage 2.5 versus 1
35.4344
6.5034–64.3654
0.01659
Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 versus 1
32.6769
0.2069–65.1470
0.04857
ERG amplitude cone flicker response
Age
−0.6556
−1.1121 to −0.1991
0.00507
Sex
−9.5579
−18.0134 to −1.1023
0.02690
ERG amplitude b-wave rod response
Age
−1.0889
−2.1294 to −0.04848
0.04032
ERG implicit time b-wave rod-cone mixed response
PD duration
1.9444
0.9465–2.9423
0.00016
ERG implicit time a-wave rod-cone mixed response
Age
0.08605
0.03841−0.1337
0.00045
ERG amplitudes—oscillatory potentials
Age
−0.9213
−1.4816 to −0.3611
0.00137
Roth axis
Age
0.8871
0.1830–1.5912
0.01376
Mean deviation
Age
−0.05078
−0.08477 to −0.01680
0.00356
Pattern standard deviation
Age
0.02940
0.003796–0.05501
0.02460
Dichotomous parameters
Predictor
Odds ratio
95% CI
value
Motility—smooth pursuit
Hoehn–Yahr stage high versus low
7.54365
1.1907–47.7944
0.03207
Cornea
Age
1.09296
1.0390–1.1497
0.00064
Lens
Age
1.08008
1.0442–1.1172
0.00001
PD duration
0.77566
0.6209–0.9690
0.02545
Vitreous body
Age
1.09915
1.0400–1.1616
0.00088
Male versus female
0.35561
0.1435–0.8811
0.02569
Overall clinical opinion-fundus photo
PD duration
0.79028
0.6368–0.9808
0.03283
Retinal hemorrhage or microaneurysm—stereo field 3—temporal to macula
Age
1.12277
1.0203–1.2355
0.01794
Retinal hemorrhage or microaneurysm—stereo field 6—superior nasal
PD duration
1.89892
1.1436–3.1530
0.01340
Retinal hemorrhage or microaneurysm—stereo field 7 inferior nasal
Age
1.17771
1.0662–1.3009
0.00137
PD duration
1.57130
1.1120–2.2204
0.01064
RPE hyperpigmentation stereo field 2 macula centered
PD duration
1.28670
1.0752–1.5398
0.00613
RPE hyperpigmentation stereo field 5—inferior temporal
Age
1.04950
1.0011–1.1002
0.04483
RPE hyperpigmentation stereo field 7—inferior nasal
Age
1.04595
1.002–1.0938
0.04906
Visual field
Age
1.04813
1.0185–1.0786
0.00141
Dichotomized Roth error score
Age
1.04722
1.0194–1.0759
0.00088
Dichotomized Roth axis
Age
1.02231
1.0002–1.0449
0.04753
For this analysis Roth error scores were dichotomized at the median value of 12, which was also the published minimum score for the youngest adult subjects in the study of Erb et al. 1998 [17]. For this analysis Roth axis scores were dichotomized at the median value of 45. CI: confidence interval; PD: Parkinson’s disease; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium.
