Facial Emotion Recognition Impairment in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Isolated Apathy

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of subject groups.

Characteristics	Apathy group	Nonapathy group	Healthy controls	P value
	𝑛=12	𝑛=19	𝑛=16
Age (years)	65.67 (4.96)	60.37 (9.38)	60.53 (12.93)	.299
Gender (%male)	83.33	68.42	50	.176
Education (years)	9.00 (2.45)	11.52 (5.19)	11.00 (6.29)	.349
PD duration (years)	4.83 (2.95)	7.26 (4.26)	—	.095
Hoehn-Yahr^∗	2.00 (.00)	2.03 (0.353)	—	.799
UPDRS motor^∗	20.58 (9.75)	20.77 (5.11)	—	.944
Motor fluctuations (%)	8.33	42.1	—	.085
LDopa eq. dose	699.72 (345.62)	907.56 (537.79)	—	.309
MDRS score	135.00 (3.71)	137.64 (6.147)	—	.240

Note that means and standard deviations (in parentheses). Hoehn-Yahr staging ranges from 0 to 6 (most severe); UPDRS motor: motor scale of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Difference between groups using univariate analysis of variance comparisons or 𝜒² (gender and motor fluctuations distribution). ∗Scores obtained from PD patients when they were taking their dopaminergic medications.