Research Article

The Prognostic PDE4D7 Score in a Diagnostic Biopsy Prostate Cancer Patient Cohort with Longitudinal Biological Outcomes

Table 1

Aggregated summary of the characteristics of the studied patient cohorts. (A) Demographics of the radical prostatectomy (RP) patient cohort including the 503 patients eligible for statistical data analysis. For patient age, preoperative PSA, percentage of tumor in biopsy, prostate volume, and PSA density the min and max values in the cohort are shown; median and IQR are depicted in parentheses. Pre- and postsurgical pathology are given (note: extracapsular extension was derived from pathology stage information). The outcome category illustrates the cumulative 5- and 10-year biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical recurrence to metastases (CR) postsurgical primary treatment. The treatment category lists the cumulative 5- and 10-year start to SRT (salvage radiation therapy) or SADT (salvage androgen deprivation therapy) after surgery. Mortality is shown as prostate cancer specific survival (PCSS) as well as overall survival (OS). (B) Demographics of the diagnostic biopsy (DB) patient cohort. In total diagnostic needle biopsy tissues of 151 were eligible for statistical data analysis. The demographics and clinical data of this cohort are presented equivalent to the RP cohort (N/A=not available).

Parameter(A) RP cohort (n=503)(B) DB cohort (n=151)

Demographic & Clinical Range (median; IQR)Age range (at RP)41.3-74.5 (62.6; 7.4)47.4-77.4 (64.9; 8.5)
Preoperative PSA range0.18-73.16 (6.7; 5.5)2.0-49.1 (8.1; 5.7)
Percent tumor in biopsy range0.2-79.7 (10.3; 16.0)N/A
Prostate Volume range9-148 (42; 22.5)13.6-148.0 (38.5; 19.2)
PSA density range0.01-2.03 (0.16; 0.14)0.03-1.6 (0.2; 0.17)

CAPRA Risk Category—No. of patients (percentage)Low Risk (NCCN)211 (41.9%)38 (25.2%)
Intermediate Risk (NCCN)248 (49.3%)82(54.3%)
High Risk (NCCN)44 (8.7%)31 (20.5%)

Pre-Surgery Pathology—Number of patients (percentage)Biopsy Gleason 3+3 (GG1)316 (62.8%)77 (51.0%)
Biopsy Gleason 3+4 (GG2)149 (29.6%)38 (25.2%)
Biopsy Gleason 4+3 (GG3)25 (5.0%)20 (13.2%)
Biopsy Gleason >=4+4 (>=GG4)13 (2.6%)16 (10.6%)
cT1342 (68%)97 (64.2%)
cT2150 (29.8%)
cT311 (2.2%)54 (35.8%)

Post-Surgery Pathology—No. of patients (percentage)Pathology Gleason 3+3 (GG1)201 (40%)46 (30.5%)
Pathology Gleason 3+4 (GG2)257 (51.1%)52 (34.4%)
Pathology Gleason 4+3 (GG3)41 (8.2%)31 (20.5%)
Pathology Gleason >=4+4 (>=GG4)4 (0.8%)22 (14.6%)
pT2331 (65.8%)88 (58.3%)
pT3172 (34.2%)63 (41.7%)
pT40 (0%)0 (0%)
Positive Surgical Margins120 (23.9%)33 (21.9%)
Capsular Status113 (22.5%) (=T3a)57/145 (39.3%) infiltrated; 75/145 (51.7%) penetrated
Positive Seminal Vesicle Invasion60 (11.9%)20 (13.2%)
Positive Lymph Node Invasion5 (1%)10 (6.6%)

Follow-up [months] (IQR median follow-up)Mean123.673.7
Median141.873.6

Outcome—No events / total patient number (percentage; median follow-up; IQR)BCR within 5 years92/446 (20.6%; 121.2; 87.5)49/151 (32.5%; 73.7; 43.9)
BCR within 10 years134/347 (38.6%; 134.0; 95.6)N/A
CR within 5 years5/441 (1.1%; 144.4; 37.8)4/151 (2.6%; 73.7; 42.6)
CR within 10 years13/306 (4.2%; 154.7; 32.85)N/A

Salvage Therapy—No events / total patient number (percentage; median follow-up; IQR)SRT within 5 years53/439 (12.1%; 120.4; 53.5)12/151 (7.9%; N/A; N/A)
SRT within 10 years83/320 (25.9%; 132.3; 39.6)N/A
SADT within 5 years27/441 (6.1%; 120.7; 46.6)16/151 (10.6%; N/A; N/A)
SADT within 10 years54/312 (17.3%; 132.4; 24.2)N/A

Survival—No events / total patient number (percentage; median follow-up; IQR)PCSS within 5 years17/453 (1.1%; 144.4; 37.7)1/151 (0.7%; N/A; N/A)
PCSS within 10 years38/330 (2.6%; 154.8; 30.3)0/151 (0%; N/A; N/A)
OS within 5 years5/441 (3.7%; 144.4; 45.1)1/151 (0.7%; N/A; N/A)
OS within 10 years10/302 (11.2%; 146.0; 35.4)5/151 (3.3%; N/A; N/A)