|
| Target/function | Role in prostate cancer | Prognostic role |
|
PTEN [11] | Regulator of PI3K pathway, cell cycle, tumor suppressor, targets miR21 | Decreased invasion, migration | Gleason score, stage, BCR, metastasis |
|
TMPRSS2-ERG [12, 13] | Trans membrane protease regulated by androgen receptor, fuses with ETS transcription factors | Increased tumor genesis, androgen independence | Diagnosis, androgen independence |
|
Myc [14] | Transcription factor | Increased proliferation | Progression, survival, BCR after radiation |
|
TGF-β [15] | Stops cell proliferation, stimulates differentiation | Increased cell growth, angiogenesis, suppress immune cells | Cancer-specific survival |
|
IL-1 [16] | Activates NFKβ | Increased tumor genesis | Progression |
|
IL-6 [17] | Paracrine and anticrime growth stimulator | Increased proliferation | Progression |
|
IL-7 [15] | Inhibits TGFβ production | Decreased results in immune resistance | Cancer-specific survival |
|
CCL-2 [18] | Chemokine stimulates inflammatory cell chemo taxis | Increased cell growth, invasion, metastasis | Tumor volume, Gleason score |
|
NPY [19] | Neurotransmitter, regulates cell growth via Y1-R | Decreased cell growth, metastasis | D’Amico risk group, BCR |
|
SMAD4 [20] | Modulates TGFβ family of genes | Decreased differentiation, apoptosis | BCR and metastasis |
|
Ki-67 [21] | Cell cycle regulation | Decreased proliferation | Gleason score, BCR |
|
P53 [21] | Cell cycle regulation | Increased differentiation | Gleason score, survival |
|
P16 [22] | Regulation of several targets (CDKN2a, TMS1) | Decreased proliferation | Gleason score |
|
P21 [23] | Regulates cell growth | Decreased proliferation | BCR after surgery |
|
BCL2 [24, 25] | Regulates apoptosis, affects caspases, mitochondria | Increased cell survival | BCR after surgery and radiation |
|
BAX [26] | Proapoptotic; BCL2 gene family | Decreased cell survival | BCR after radiation |
|
VEGF [27, 28] | Angiogenesis | Increased invasion | Gleason Score, survival, BCR |
|
E-cadherin [29] | Intracellular adhesion in presence of calcium | Decreased invasion, migration | Gleason score, progression, survival |
|
EZH2 [30, 31] | Targets a methyltransferase; regulates tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase | Decreased invasion, migration | Gleason score |
|
TRAIL [32] | Stromal TRAIL stimulates apoptosis | Decreased stromal expression-cell survival | Recurrence-free survival |
|
PLA2G7 [33, 34] | Target of ERG, regulates actin expression | Increased migration and invasion | Gleason score, metastasis |
|
Nukeβ [35] | Regulates transcription, inflammation. Inversely expressed with CD10 | Unregulated cell survival | BCR after prostatectomy |
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