Research Article

Developing Client Self-Advocacy in Occupational Therapy: Are We Practicing What We Preach?

Table 1

Study questionnaire items.

Question

Q1. Gender(A) Male
(B) Female
(C) Gender nonconforming
(D) Prefer not to say

Q2. Race (select all that apply)(A) American Indian or Alaska Native
(B) Asian
(C) Black or African American
(D) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
(E) White
(F) Prefer not to say

Q3. Ethnicity(A) Hispanic or Latino
(B) Not Hispanic or Latino
(C) Prefer not to say

Q4. Area of practice (select all that apply)(A) Physical disability
(B) Mental health
(C) Community practice
(D) School based
(E) Pediatrics
(F) Other

Q5. What is your highest degree level?(A) Bachelor’s in occupational therapy
(B) Master’s in occupational therapy
(C) Doctorate in occupational therapy
(D) PhD

Q6. What state do you primarily practice in? (drop-down menu)

Q7. How long have you been practicing as an OT?(A) 0-5 years
(B) 6-10 years
(C) 10-15 years
(D) 16-20 years
(E) 20+ years

Q8. Can you define self-advocacy as a client issue in occupational therapy?(A) Yes, and I can explain it well to other people
(B) Yes, but I cannot explain it well to others
(C) Somewhat, I have heard of the concept but I am unsure of how to define it
(D) Not well

Q9. Can you differentiate between self-determination and self-advocacy?(A) Yes, I understand the difference and can explain it to other people
(B) Yes, I know these are different concepts but find it difficult to explain to others
(C) Somewhat, I have heard these described as being different but unsure of how
(D) Not well

Q10. In your academic or clinical education, were interventions on developing self-advocacy in clients introduced?(A) Yes, I learned concepts as well as strategies/interventions for addressing self-advocacy as a client factor for use in practice
(B) Yes, I was introduced to concepts of self-advocacy as a client factor but not strategies for use in practice
(C) Somewhat, concepts of self-advocacy as being important were discussed but not as a client factor to intervene upon
(D) No, self-advocacy as a client factor was never presented to me in my academic or clinical education

Q11. If you learned strategies for addressing self-advocacy, how did this occur?(A) Occupational therapy school
(B) Continued education
(C) Colleagues
(D) Through my own research/experience
(E) I have not learned strategies

Q12. How well prepared do you feel to address self-advocacy with your clients?(A) Very well prepared
(B) Well prepared
(C) Somewhat prepared
(D) Did not prepare me at all

Q13. How important is it for occupational therapists to address self-advocacy in treatment sessions?(A) Very important
(B) Moderately important
(C) Somewhat important
(D) Not important

Q14. How confident do you feel in your ability to address self-advocacy during treatment?(A) Very confident
(B) Moderately confident
(C) Somewhat confident
(D) Not confident at all

Q15. In how many clients do you assess the need for self-advocacy?(A) All of my clients
(B) Half or more of my clients
(C) Less than half of my clients
(D) None of my clients

Q16. What tools do you use to determine if self-advocacy is a client factor in need of intervention? (select all that apply)(A) ADLs
(B) IADLs
(C) Knowledge of rights
(D) Knowledge of needs
(E) Other: ___________
(F) I do not assess the need for self-advocacy as a client factor

Q17. Is self-advocacy specifically written into your long- and short-term goals?(A) Yes, I include self-advocacy in long- and short-term goals
(B) No, I do not include self-advocacy in long- or short-term goals

Q18. If you address self-advocacy, which area of occupation is this most often linked to? (select all that apply)(A) ADLs
(B) IADLs
(C) Rest and sleep
(D) Education
(E) Work
(F) Play
(G) Leisure
(H) Social participation
(I) I do not address self-advocacy with clients

Q19. In what ways do you address self-advocacy? (select all that apply)(A) Directly as a part of therapy sessions
(B) Indirectly through teaching skills that relate to self-advocacy
(C) Education of rights
(D) Other: _____________
(E) I do not address self-advocacy

Q20. What intervention approaches do you find to be most successful in addressing self-advocacy? (select all that apply)(A) Create, promote
(B) Establish, restore
(C) Maintain
(D) Modify
(E) Prevent
(F) None of the above

Q21. What outcome measure do you use to assess change in self-advocacy as a client factor? (select all that apply)(A) Knowledge about needs in a given ADL/IADL
(B) Knowledge about rights to accommodation
(C) Communication strategies
(D) Implementation of accommodation needs
(E) None of the above