Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Cancer: An Overview towards Clinical Applications

Table 1

List of reports suggesting beneficial effect of DCA and chemotherapy coadministration in several types of cancers.

Tumour entity	Model system	Chemotherapy drug coadministered with DCA	Mechanism of action	Outcome	References
Lung cancer	A549-H1975 cell lines/xenograft model	Paclitaxel	Autophagy inhibition	Efficacious cancer chemotherapy sensitization	[32]
Hepatocarcinoma	HepG2 cell line	Doxorubicin	Antioxidant defence disruption	Increased cellular damage by oxidative stress induction	[33]
Lung cancer	A549 cell line	Paclitaxel	Increased chemosensitivity through PDK2 inhibition	Paclitaxel resistance overcome	[34]
Bladder cancer	HTB-9, HT-1376, HTB-5, HTB-4 cell lines/xenograft model	Cisplatin	Increased chemosensitivity through PDK4 inhibition	Increased cell death of cancer cells and potential therapeutic advantage	[35]
Hepatocarcinoma	Sphere cultures from HepaRG and BC2 cell lines	Cisplatin, sorafenib	Increased chemosensitivity through PDK4 inhibition	Improved therapeutic effect of chemotherapy by mitochondrial activity restoration	[36]