Glycine Protects against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury by Regulating Mitochondria-Mediated Autophagy via the AMPK Pathway

Figure 8

Glycine protected PC12 cells against CoCl₂ injury via regulation of AMPK-dependent mitochondria-mediated autophagy. (a) p-AMPK_α protein expression was detected by Western blotting in each group. (b) Analyses of p-AMPK_α protein (of AMPK_α) and p-mTOR (of GAPDH). (c) Agonist of the AMPK pathway, CsA, was used to overactivate proteins from the AMPK pathway. Protein expressions of four groups were detected by Western blotting. (d) Analysis of all protein expressions. (e) Cell viability in four groups was also measured by CCK8. (f) Autophagic vacuoles from each group were measured by MDC staining. (g) Apoptotic cells from each group were measured by TUNEL and DAPI staining. (h) Mitochondrial ROS generations were detected by immunofluorescence of MitoSOX and DAPI staining. (i) Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected in each group by TMRE and Hoechst staining. (j) Mfn-2, protein of mitochondrial outer membrane, was used to measure function of mitochondria. , , and . .

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