Research Article

Modulatory Effect of Fermented Papaya Extracts on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia Induced by Estrogen and Progestin in Female Rats

Table 2

Effect of SM on estradiol benzoate and progestin induced mammary gland changes on histopathology.

GroupsMammary gland hyperplasiaLobule increaseAcinar increaseMammary duct and lumen ectasiaMammary duct and lumen secretion

Control
FPEs control
EB + PR+++++++++++++++
EB + PR+ 30 ml FPEs/kg++++++/−
EB + PR+ 15 ml FPEs/kg++++++++++
EB + PR+ 5 ml FPEs/kg++++++++++++++

FPEs: fermented papaya extracts; EB: estradiol benzoate; PR: progestin. The histopathology changes were determined at the end of experiment. −: none; +/−: some have and some not; +: mild; ++: moderate; +++: severe.