Modulatory Effect of Fermented Papaya Extracts on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia Induced by Estrogen and Progestin in Female Rats
Table 1
Effect of FPEs on the nipple and sex hormones in rats.
Groups
Nipple (mm)
Sex hormones
Height
Diameter
E2 (pg/ml)
P (pg/ml)
LH (pg/ml)
FSH (pg/ml)
Control
1.22 ± 0.14b
1.27 ± 0.10b
33.56 ± 12.43b
70.44 ± 13.34b
4.63 ± 0.69b
5.17 ± 0.83b
SPE control
1.27 ± 0.11b
1.29 ± 0.14b
38.24 ± 8.31b
79.25 ± 16.08b
5.27 ± 1.08b
4.63 ± 1.32b
EB + PR
1.86 ± 0.17a
1.78 ± 0.12a
166.55 ± 46.51a
151.22 ± 26.25a
9.16 ± 2.71a
18.46 ± 3.15a
EB + PR+ 30 ml SPE/kg
1.45 ± 0.23b
1.41 ± 0.21b
62.55 ± 42.63a,b
125.53 ± 19.23a,b
5.77 ± 1.54b
8.64 ± 3.24b
EB + PR+ 15 ml SPE/kg
1.64 ± 0.24a
1.46 ± 0.18ab
98.24 ± 31.31ab
142.65 ± 7.19a
7.15 ± 2.26ab
10.52 ± 2.54ab
EB + PR+ 5 ml SPE/kg
1.76 ± 0.09a
1.72 ± 0.16a
135.62 ± 36.89ab
138.97 ± 16.52a
8.23 ± 1.84a
16.63 ± 2.11ab
SPE: fermented papaya extract; EB: estradiol benzoate; PR: progestin; E2: estradiol; P: progesterone; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone. Statistical differences are within the individuals at the same column. a compared with control group; b compared with EB + PR group.