Clinical Study

Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Table 5

Body composition parameters.

ParameterBaseline (T0)
Mean ± SD
()
HTT
Mean ± SD
()
pBaseline (T2)
Mean ± SD
()
PT
Mean ± SD
()
p

Weight (kg)67.35 ± 9.7767.04 ± 9.980.0466.74 ± 9.6867.25 ± 9.910.52
BMI (kg/m2)24.39 ± 3.3924.27 ± 3.510.0524.12 ± 3.3324.37 ± 3.110.94
Waist circumference (cm)77.24 ± 7.0478.14 ± 6.930.1676.78 ± 7.1578.28 ± 9.070.09
Hip circumference (cm)99.07 ± 7.6798.92 ± 8.340.8298.41 ± 7.9299.21 ± 7.290.47
Waist/hip ratio0.78 ± 0.070.79 ± 0.060.130.78 ± 0.060.78 ± 0.060.87
Biceps skinfold (mm)5.99 ± 2.575.44 ± 2.570.075.57 ± 4.395.87 ± 2.490.13
Triceps skinfold (mm)15.93 ± 6.3614.83 ± 8.020.1315.74 ± 7.1616.01 ± 7.870.58
Subscapular skinfold (mm)13.39 ± 3.8912.89 ± 3.690.1713.48 ± 4.6514.26 ± 5.250.66
Suprailiac skinfold (mm)12.38 ± 5.2511.63 ± 5.130.0112.66 ± 6.0112.60 ± 5.680.83
FM% (skinfolds)24.30 ± 7.2923.44 ± 7.960.0123.95 ± 7.1423.73 ± 8.050.13
TBW (L)38.03 ± 7.2538.01 ± 7.430.9837.11 ± 6.8737.23 ± 6.990.06
ECW (L)17.58 ± 8.3516.62 ± 3.120.00116.75 ± 2.7216.34 ± 2.880.02
ICW (L)20.45 ± 4.9121.39 ± 4.790.1420.36 ± 4.6620.18 ± 4.910.10
Phase angle6.02 ± 0.726.46 ± 0.870.016.51 ± 0.886.62 ± 0.850.02

All parameters were evaluated before and after HTT. All results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (number of replicates = 3). Statistical significance attributed to results with (between HTT and baseline (T0) or between PT and baseline (T2)) after parametric test (Student t-test). PT: placebo treatment; HTT: 15 mg/day hydroxytyrosol treatment; BMI: body mass index; FM: fat mass; TBW: total body water; ECW: extracellular water; ICW: intracellular water.