Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Table 1
Enrollment clinical and anthropometric characteristics of healthy volunteers.
Parameter
Frequency
()
(n; %)
Gender
Male
(; 42.9%)
Female
(; 57.1%)
Body composition phenotype
NWL
(; 42.9%)
MHO
(; 57.1%)
Mean ± SD
Median (min–max)
()
()
Age (years)
32.00 ± 12.22
27.00 (23.00–64.00)
SBP (mmHg)
119.31 ± 7.79
120.00 (100.00–130.00)
DBP (mmHg)
74.46 ± 6.65
76.00 (60.00–80.00)
TC (mg/dL)
156.54 ± 14.36
160.00 (138.00–184.00)
HDL-C (mg/dL)
61.92 ± 4.57
63.00 (54.00–69.00)
LDL-C (mg/dL)
88.69 ± 13.23
86.00 (63.00–110.00)
Tg (mg/dL)
67.77 ± 32.46
58.00 (32.00–134.00)
Glycemia (mg/dL)
72.46 ± 5.62
72.00 (62.00–79.00)
Insulin (μU/mL)
7.58 ± 4.09
6.81 (3.32–17.68)
Height (cm)
165.68 ± 9.29
163.80 (151.50–183.60)
Weight (kg)
66.61 ± 10.06
69.00 (51.10–80.90)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.62 ± 2.47
23.46 (20.20–28.00)
Waist circumference (cm)
76.15 ± 6.97
76.80 (66.00–90.40)
Hip circumference (cm)
99.12 ± 8.04
97.90 (89.00–116.00)
Waist/hip ratio
0.77 ± 0.06
0.77 (0.69–0.91)
Biceps skinfold (mm)
7.21 ± 4.37
6.90 (2.20–15.13)
Triceps skinfold (mm)
16.68 ± 6.61
16.80 (7.40–26.50)
Subscapular skinfold (mm)
13.55 ± 4.67
13.80 (6.50–21.90)
Suprailiac skinfold (mm)
12.26 ± 6.14
9.87 (5.40–25.60)
FM% (skinfolds)
24.92 ± 8.08
27.29 (12.74–39.05)
TBW (L)
36.13 ± 6.76
34.00 (27.90–46.40)
ECW (L)
16.81 ± 2.76
15.80 (12.50–21.60)
ICW (L)
19.31 ± 4.40
18.20 (13.20–26.40)
Phase angle
5.81 ± 0.78
5.80 (4.40–7.00)
TBFat% (DXA)
28.26 ± 10.43
30.00 (11.10–44.90)
TBFat (kg)
18.60 ± 7.84
16.64 (7.84–36.13)
TBLean (kg)
45.14 ± 10.80
42.45 (30.99–62.62)
Energy intake (kcal)
1717.48 ± 546.09
1750.32 (1107.20–2585.01)
Carbohydrates (g)
245.89 ± 80.09
234.82 (152.79–413.19)
Protein (g)
76.30 ± 19.95
76.79 (47.37–119.97)
Lipids (g)
54.11 ± 26.41
42.94 (18.78–95.88)
All results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (number of replicates = 3) and median (minimum and maximum). SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Tg: triglycerides; BMI: body mass index; FM: fat mass; TBW: total body water; ECW: extracellular water; ICW: intracellular water; TBFat: total body fat; TBLean: total body lean.
