Periodic Exposure of Keratinocytes to Cold Physical Plasma: An In Vitro Model for Redox-Related Diseases of the Skin

Figure 2

Repeated redox challenge modulated HaCaT keratinocyte gene expression profile. HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to plasma-treated (60 s) medium twice per week, and gene expression was determined after acute (w2) and chronic (w6, w8, w10, and w12) exposure to redox stress (a). Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes (upregulated: red; downregulated: blue) after several weeks of plasma-mediated redox challenge (w2 to w12) is shown (b). The Venn diagram visualizes the overlap of the differentially expressed genes (number in parentheses) between different groups (in color) compared to untreated HaCaT keratinocytes (c). Numbers of differentially expressed genes with unambiguous identification are given for each treatment regimen and according to PANTHER classification (d).

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