Serum Superoxide Dismutase Is Associated with Vascular Structure and Function in Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients
Table 1
Characteristics of study population.
All patients
DIA + HYP
DIA
HYP
Control
Number
307
54
16
185
52
Age (years)
54.76 ± 11.69
60.75 ± 8.35
55.27 ± 12.82
55.26 ± 10.99
46.63 ± 12.54
<0.001
Male sex (, %)
191 (62.21%)
39 (72.22%)
11 (68.75%)
108 (58.38%)
33 (63.46%)
0.286
Superoxide dismutase (ng/mL)
123.48 ± 57.20
134.76 ± 63.60
112.00 ± 35.23
117.63 ± 47.69
137.91 ± 82.68
0.079
8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (ng/mL)
6.97 ± 5.07
7.97 ± 5.52
6.24 ± 4.17
6.35 ± 5.13
7.40 ± 4.76
0.377
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
138.26 ± 17.15
142.59 ± 18.20
119.31 ± 9.61
143.66 ± 16.09
126.26 ± 8.92
<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
86.89 ± 10.92
84.94 ± 12.07
74.13 ± 5.19
90.62 ± 9.88
79.56 ± 6.66
<0.001
Pulse pressure (mmHg)
52.49 ± 12.37
57.37 ± 12.92
45.39 ± 10.15
53.16 ± 12.23
46.91 ± 10.00
<0.001
IMT medium average (mm)
0.73 ± 0.11
0.80 ± 0.11
0.73 ± 0.12
0.73 ± 0.10
0.68 ± 0.14
<0.001
IMT maximum average (mm)
0.90 ± 0.14
0.98 ± 0.12
0.90 ± 0.15
0.90 ± 0.12
0.84 ± 0.17
<0.001
Pulse wave velocity (m/s)
8.98 ± 2.22
10.39 ± 2.35
8.65 ± 2.27
9.00 ± 2.09
7.59 ± 1.61
<0.001
Peripheral augmentation index
92.76 ± 21.43
95.85 ± 20.87
88.94 ± 22.34
95.15 ± 21.45
82.22 ± 18.63
0.001
Central augmentation index
30.31 ± 11.66
31.35 ± 10.67
30.44 ± 12.10
31.81 ± 10.94
23.85 ± 13.04
<0.001
AASI
38.25 ± 6.05
41.39 ± 5.96
38.27 ± 5.44
37.71 ± 5.89
36.92 ± 5.96
<0.001
D’Agostino cardiovascular risk
19.73 ± 16.27
36.59 ± 18.22
17.34 ± 11.88
18.00 ± 13.72
8.59 ± 8.24
<0.001
Smokers (, %)
73 (23.77%)
13 (24.07%)
4 (25%)
38 (20.54%)
18 (34.62%)
0.202
HDL (mg/dL)
51.98 ± 12.45
47.48 ± 9.73
50.75 ± 12.68
52.86 ± 12.63
53.96 ± 13.42
0.023
LDL (mg/dL)
125.91 ± 32.76
108.13 ± 27.96
108.50 ± 22.07
132.71 ± 34.03
125.75 ± 26.68
<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
204.40 ± 36.98
187.46 ± 34.70
183.81 ± 23.66
211.44 ± 37.58
203.25 ± 32.77
<0.001
Alcohol consumption (units/week)
10.98 ± 20.28
14.94 ± 21.35
3.69 ± 4.87
9.63 ± 15.81
13.87 ± 32.15
0.111
HbA1c (%)
5.41 ± 1.05
6.84 ± 1.40
6.68 ± 0.80
5.05 ± 0.46
4.83 ± 0.40
<0.001
Glycemia (mg/dL)
98.44 ± 30.44
136.61 ± 46.27
132.63 ± 32.63
88.63 ± 11.14
83.19 ± 8.75
<0.001
Antihypertensive drugs (, %)
143 (46.58%)
48 (88.89%)
0 (0.00%)
95 (51.35%)
0 (0.00%)
<0.001
Antidiabetic drugs (, %)
66 (21.50%)
51 (94.44%)
15 (93.75%)
0 (0.00%)
0 (0.00%)
<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (, %)
84 (27.36%)
32 (59.26%)
6 (37.50%)
43 (23.24%)
3 (5.77%)
<0.001
Antiaggregants (, %)
61 (19.87%)
29 (53.70%)
6 (37.50%)
23 (12.43%)
3 (5.77%)
<0.001
Demographic, physical, and medical characteristics and drug therapies of patients included in the study. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or percentage. AASI: ambulatory arterial stiffness index; DIA: diabetic nonhypertensive patients; DIA + HYP: diabetic hypertensive patients; HbA1c: glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL: cholesterol associated with high density lipoproteins; HYP: hypertensive patients; IMT: intima-media thickness; LDL: cholesterol associated with low density lipoproteins; : value, statistically significant differences (ANOVA).
