Roles of Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cancers

Table 1

Oxidative stress (OS) markers employed in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients are shown in the table.

Biomarkers evaluating OS level	Location and source	OS levels of PCOS patients; compared with the normal		References
			Independent of obesity
Markers reflecting oxidative levels
Malondialdehyde (MDA)	Serum; erythrocyte	Higher	Higher	[4, 42, 43, 69, 126, 158, 177–182]
Advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs)	Serum	Higher		[177, 183]
Xanthine oxidase (XO)	Serum	Higher		[184]
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	Serum	Lower	Lower	[185]
Lipid peroxidation (LPO)	Follicular fluid; serum	Higher		[178, 186]
Protein carbonyl	Serum	Higher		[187]
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)	Follicular fluid; granulose cell; mononuclear cell	Higher		[186, 188, 189]
Total oxidant status (TOS)	Serum	Higher	Higher	[190, 191]
Oxidative stress index (OSI)	Serum	Higher		[190]
Homocysteine (Hcy)	Serum	Higher	Higher	[4]
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)	Serum	Higher	Higher	[4]
Prolidase (PLD)	Serum	Higher		[190]
Nitrotyrosine (Ntyr)	Serum		Higher	[192]
Uric acid	Serum		Higher	[192]
Neopterin (NEO)	Serum	Higher	Higher	[193]
Markers reflecting antioxidative levels
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)	Serum; erythrocyte; follicular fluid	Higher	Higher	[4, 42–44, 182, 194, 194]
Glutathione (GSH)	Serum	Lower	Lower	[4, 43]
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1)	Serum	Lower	Lower	[4, 69, 179, 184]
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)	Serum		Lower	[195]
Total antioxidant status (TAS)	Serum	Lower	Lower	[126, 187]
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)	Follicular fluid; serum	Lower		[69, 186]
Vitamin E	Serum	Lower		[178]
Vitamin C	Serum	Lower		[178]
Thiol	Serum	NS	Lower	[94, 184]
L-Carnitine	Serum		Lower	[196]