Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us?

Table 1

Anti-inflammatory activities of some polyphenolic compounds.

Phenolic compounds	Anti-inflammatory activities	Inflammatory markers	Mechanism	References
Apigenin	Inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation	Casp-1, IL-1β	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome; activation	Zhang et al.,; 2014 [8]
Catechin	Against monosodium urate-induced inflammation	IL-1β	Modulating NLRP3 inflammasome; activation	Jhang et al.,; 2015 [9]
Epigallocatechin gallate	Suppressing melanoma growth	NLRP1, IL-1β, NFκB	Inhibiting NLRP3 activation	Ellis et al.,; 2011 [10]
Epigallocatechin gallate	Protecting endothelial cells against PCB 126 induced inflammation	GST, NQO1, MCP-1,; ICAM-1	Modulating AhR/Nrf2 pathway	Han et al.,; 2012 [11]
Ellagic acid	Ameliorating monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension	IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-; 6, IL-10, IFN-γ,; MIP-1, MDA,; NLPR3	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome; activation	Tang et al.,; 2015 [12]
Green tea	Decreasing PCB 126 induced oxidative stress	SOD1, GSR, NQO1,; GST	Stimulating AhR/Nrf2 pathway	Newsome et; al., 2014 [13]
Homoplantaginin	Inhibiting palmitic acid-induced inflammation	IL-1β, ICAM-1,; MCP-1, Casp-1	Interacting with ROS sensitive thioredoxin protein	He et al., 2016; [14]
Luteoloside	Inhibiting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells	ROS, NLPR3, Casp-; 1, IL-1β	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome; activation	Fan et al., 2014; [15]
Plant polyphenols	Modulating the inflammatory response of human keratinocytes	MCP-1, IL-10, IL-8,; TNF-α, IL-6	Impairing phosphorylation EGF induced NFκB via regulating AhR signaling	Potapovich et al., 2011 [16]
Quercetin and; allopurinol	Repair of kidney injury	IL-1β, IL-18	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes	Wang et al.,; 2012 [17]
Resveratrol	Ameliorating hepatic metaflammation	IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6	Inhibiting NLRP3 activation	Yang and Lim; 2014 [18]
Rutin	Reducing inflammation in pancreas	Casp-1, IL-1β, ASC- NLRP3, IL-18, TNF-α	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome; activation	Aruna et al.,; 2014 [19]
Tangeretin	Attenuating oxidative stress and protecting hepatocellular architecture	CYP1B1, CYP2E1,; g-GCS, NQO1, HO-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β	Stimulating AhR/Nrf2-Keap1 pathway	Arivazhagan and Subramanian 2015 [20]

LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Casp-1: caspase-1; IL: interleukin; NLRP: NOD-like receptor protein; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B; GST: glutathione S-transferase; NQO1 (NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase l); MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1; AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; MIP-1: macrophage inflammatory protein-1; MDA: malondialdehyde; PCB: polychlorinated biphenyls; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GSR: glutathione S-reductase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma cells; ROS: oxygen reactive species; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; EGF: epidermal growth factor; ASC: apoptosis associated speck-like CARD containing protein; CYPs, cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenases; g-GCS: glutamate-cysteine ligase; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1.