Determinants of Cerebral Palsy in Pediatric Patients in Northern Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Study

Table 2

Antenatal factors among CP patients and control subjects in ACSH (April-August 2019).

Variables		Cases (50) N (%)	Controls (100) N (%)	value
Maternal fever in pregnancy	Yes	0 (0.0)	4 (4.0)	0.291
	No	50 (100.0)	93 (93.9)
	Unknown	0 (0.0)	3 (2.0)
Maternal antibiotic use in pregnancy	Yes	1 (2.0)	5 (5.1)	0.459
	No	49 (98.0)	91 (91.9)
	Unknown	0 (0.0)	3 (3.0)
ANC	Yes	48 (96.0)	96 (96.0)	>0.999
	No	2 (4.0)	3 (3.0)
	Unknown	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)
ANC visits	Below 4 visits	16 (34.0)	21 (22.3)	0.320
	At least 4 visits	31 (66.0)	73 (77.7)
	Unknown	3 (6.0)	6 (6.0)
Malaria in pregnancy	Yes	0 (0.0)	4 (4.0)	0.290
	No	50 (100.0)	94 (94.0)
	Unknown	0 (0.0)	2 (2.0)
Other maternal complications in pregnancy	Yes	3 (6.0)	6 (6.0)	0.874
	No	47 (94.0)	92 (92.0)
	Unknown	0 (0.0)	2 (2.0)
Type of pregnancy complication	GDM	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)	0.786
	Preeclampsia	1 (2.0)	3 (3.0)
	APH	1 (2.0)	2 (2.0)
	Syphilis	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)
	Unknown	47 (96.0)	94 (94.0
Maternal chronic illness	Yes	0 (0.0)	2 (2.0)	0.553
	No	50 (100.0)	98 (98.0)
Type of chronic illness	DM	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	NA
	Syphilis	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	Hypertension	0 (0.0)	3 (3.0)
	HIV	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	Cardiac	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	Asthma	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	Unknown	50 (100.0)	97 (97.0)
Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy	Yes	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.553
	No	50 (100.0)	98 (98.0)
	Unknown	0 (0.0)	2 (2.0)
Use of fertility intervention	Yes	0 (0.0)	4 (4.0)	0.302
	No	50 (0.0)	96 (96.0)
Consanguinity	Yes	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)	>0.999
	No	50 (100.0)	99 (99.0)

CP: cerebral palsy; ACSH: Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; ANC: antenatal care; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; APH: antepartum hemorrhage; DM: diabetes mellitus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; APGAR: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration; CNS: central nervous system; EPI: Expanded Program on Immunization.