Assessment and Predicting Factors of Repeated Brain Computed Tomography in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients for Risk-Stratified Care Management: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Table 2
Clinical characteristics between conservative treatment group and neurosurgical treatment group after routine repeated brain CT in mild TBI (GCS 13–15).
Characteristic
Conservative treatment ()
Neurosurgical treatment ()
value
Age, mean (SD), years
56.5 (23.0)
65.3 (17.7)
0.295
Age > 50 y, (%)
54 (60.0)
6 (75.0)
0.478
Male sex, (%)
55 (61.1)
6 (75.0)
0.706
Traffic injury, (%)
33 (36.6)
1 (12.5)
0.256
Underlying disease, (%)
Diabetes mellitus
17 (18.8)
3 (37.5)
0.354
Hypertension
38 (42.2)
6 (75.0)
0.135
Ischemic heart disease
10 (11.1)
3 (37.5)
0.070
Cerebrovascular disease
9 (10.0)
1 (12.5)
0.592
Medication, (%)
Aspirin
21 (23.3)
2 (25.0)
1.000
Warfarin
4 (4.4)
0 (0.0)
1.000
Clopidogrel
5 (5.5)
3 (37.5)
0.017
ISS, mean (SD)
18.6 (8.6)
21.2 (4.4)
0.405
ISS > 19, (%)
37 (41.1)
5 (62.5)
0.282
Brain AIS, mean (SD)
3.7 (1.1)
4.5 (0.5)
0.080
AIS > 4, (%)
18 (20.0)
4 (50.0)
0.073
SBP on admission, mean (SD), mmHg
150.7 (31.7)
164.3 (23.2)
0.240
Heart rate on admission, mean (SD), beats/min
85.9 (16.2)
96.5 (24.2)
0.095
Result of the first brain CT, (%)
Epidural hematoma
16 (17.7)
1 (12.5)
1.000
Subdural hematoma
51 (56.6)
7 (87.5)
0.136
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
50 (55.5)
3 (37.5)
0.464
Hemorrhagic contusion
46 (51.1)
3 (37.5)
0.715
Intraventricular hemorrhage
6 (6.6)
0 (0.0)
1.000
Diffuse axonal injury
5 (5.5)
0 (0.0)
1.000
Skull fracture
30 (33.3)
3 (37.5)
1.000
Base of skull fracture
5 (5.5)
1 (12.5)
0.409
Midline shift, mean (SD), mm
0.67 (1.5)
4.25 (2.1)
Midline shift, median, mm
0
3.5
0.0015
Midline shift > 2 mm, (%)
11 (12.2)
5 (62.5)
0.003
Duration from injury to the first brain CT, median, hr
2.9
1.2
0.495
Duration from injury to routine repeated brain CT, median, hr
