Inflammation, Cerebral Vasospasm, and Evolving Theories of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia

Table 2

Early studies report improvement in experimental proxies of CVS in various models.

Studies involving modifications of the inflammatory process with effects on CVS
Author (year)	Parameter assessed	Model	Findings
Tokiyoshi et al. (1991) [146]	Symptomatic vasospasm	Human	TXA2 synthetase inhibition decreased symptomatic vasospasm
Lin et al. (2005) [67]	ACA diameter	Murine	Anti-E selectin mAb prevents SAH induced angiographic vasospasm
Fei and Golwa (2007) [101]	MCA velocity	Human	Topical dexamethasone prevents angiographic vasospasm
Iseda et al. (2007) [147]	BA diameter, IL-1B	Leporine	Caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) decreased angiographic BA vasospasm and IL-1B levels
Lin et al. (2007) [66]	ICAM-1, BA diameter	Leporine	Endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor (CGS 26303) decreases ICAM-1 levels and BA vasospasm
Chen et al. (2008) [69]	JAK2	Leporine	JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) decreases JAK2 activation and angiographic BA vasospasm
Yoshimoto et al. (2009) [148]	Angiography	Human	Cilostazol prevents angiographic vasospasm after SAH
Wu et al. (2010) [149]	TLR4, TNF1	In vitro	PPAR gamma agonist decreases TLR4 expression and cytokine release
Chang et al. (2010) [150]	ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin, and BA diameter	Murine	6-MP decreases ICAM-1 and E-Selectin and increases angiographic BA vasospasm after SAH

TXA2: thromboxane A2, PAF: platelet activating factor, LFA-1: lymphocyte function associated antigen, NO: nitrous oxide, JNK: c-Jun N terminal kinase, mAb: monoclonal antibody, HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, JAK2: Janus kinase 2, PDE: phosphodiesterase, 6-MP: 6-mercaptopurine, and PPAR gamma: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma.