The body of knowledge on the reorganization patterns of the central nervous system (CNS) after brain lesion (e.g. stroke, traumatic brain injury) is continuously increasing and changing as a function of the development of new computational tools for data analysis. The wide availability of imaging (e.g. structural and functional MRI, MEG) and neurophysiological (e.g. PEM, TMS) techniques for the study of structural and functional modifications of the CNS after brain lesion, have allowed scientists to explore whether rehabilitation modalities might act as key factors to induce neural plasticity. In neurorehabilitation, neural and cortical plasticity are mostly intended like a combination of spontaneous recovery and goal-directed reorganization induced by therapeutic modalities.

This Special Issue offers the opportunity to contribute original research articles as well as review articles to discuss which are the mechanisms acting for the restoration of functions when the CNS is disrupted by neurological diseases. We are particularly interested in articles describing new insights into neural plasticity induced by known effective rehabilitation treatments, thus promoting the recovery of neurological functions in diseases of the CNS.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Neurorehabilitation of diseases of the CNS.
• Imaging and neurophysiology of mechanisms underpinning the recovery of motor and cognitive functions.
• Computational modelling of plasticity and learning to predict rehabilitation recovery.
• Biological factors promoting neural plasticity in people undergoing neurorehabilitation.
• Innovative rehabilitation modalities promoting neural reorganization (e.g. brain/body-machine interface, invasive/non-invasive brain stimulation).