Amygdala Changes in Chronic Insomnia and Their Association with Sleep and Anxiety Symptoms: Insight from Shape Analysis

Table 1

Demographic, clinical characteristics, and brain volume data for the two groups.

Characteristic	CID ()	HCs ()	value	value
Age (years)			1.11	0.27
Gender (female/male)	42/25	23/27	3.22	0.07^†
Year of education			0.86	0.38
Duration (months)		—	—	—
PSQI score		—	—	—
SDS score		—	—	—
SAS score		—	—	—
Gray matter volume			2.42	0.02
White matter volume			1.09	0.27
Total intracranial volume			0.79	0.35
Left amygdala volume			1.25	0.21
Right amygdala volume			0.66	0.38
Left hippocampus volume			0.95	0.24
Right hippocampus volume			1.44	0.15

Notes: ^†the value was obtained by a chi-square test; other values were obtained by a two-sample -test. Abbreviations: CID: chronic insomnia disorder; HC: healthy control; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SDS: self-rating depression scale; SAS: self-rating anxiety scale.