The Modulatory Effect of Cerebrovascular Burden in Response to Cognitive Stimulation in Healthy Ageing and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Table 4
Results of the two-way mixed ANOVAs assessing the interaction between WML group and treatment on cognitive performance.
Low WML
High WML
ANOVA for interaction and main effects
Box’s M
Baseline (mean)
Retest (mean)
Baseline (mean)
Retest (mean)
ANOVA interaction
ANOVA treatment
ANOVA WML
Healthy ageing
Phonemic fluency
34
43.08
13
31.42
38.33
12
0.616
0.001
0.426
0.049
Semantic fluency
44.54
49.62
13
41.67
43.75
12
0.511
0.124
0.267
0.006
Digit cancellation
55.23
54.46
13
52.75
54.58
12
0.104
0.496
0.475
0.756
Similarities
20.38
22.54
13
20.75
21.67
12
0.372
0.034
0.862
0.072
Rey figure—memory
16.77
21.73
13
15.96
16.75
12
0.103
0.028
0.203
0.54
Stroop—time interference
18.04
17.08
13
20.33
21.13
12
0.399
0.934
0.257
0.524
Prose—immediate memory
9.38
12.77
13
8.08
10.75
12
0.629
<0.001
0.206
0.91
Prose—delayed memory
12.69
16.38
13
10.83
12.83
12
0.193
<0.001
0.105
0.421
Paired associate learning
13.27
14.46
13
12.54
14.26
12
0.844
0.096
0.7
0.715
MCI
Phonemic fluency
25.45
25.73
11
31.09
30.45
11
0.725
0.666
0.221
0.755
Semantic fluency
29.36
30.09
11
27.73
28
11
0.861
0.701
0.606
0.555
Digit cancellation
44.18
46.55
11
45.82
50.27
11
0.424
0.015
0.457
0.902
Similarities
18.09
16.73
11
20.09
20
11
0.434
0.372
0.194
0.653
Rey figure—memory
7.23
9.68
11
8.41
10.32
11
0.76
0.022
0.661
0.356
Stroop—time interference
48.23
58.09
11
36.15
29.6
10
0.113
0.741
0.107
<0.001
Prose—immediate memory
5.45
7
11
6.64
8.73
11
0.748
0.042
0.212
0.048
Prose—delayed memory
5.55
7.18
11
8.27
9.45
11
0.737
0.048
0.085
0.981
Paired associate learning
8.23
8.77
11
9.18
9.46
11
0.729
0.305
0.534
0.688
Note: indicates significance when corrected for multiple comparisons (). Significant Box’s M () indicates violation of the assumption of homogeneity of covariance matrices. Stroop—time interference: lower value indicates better performance.
