Research Article

The Modulatory Effect of Cerebrovascular Burden in Response to Cognitive Stimulation in Healthy Ageing and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Table 2

Baseline neuropsychological differences between the healthy ageing and MCI groups.

Mean (SD) difference
Healthy ageingMCI

Raven’s progressive matrices [22, 23]30.36 (4.66)25.59 (6.71)
Phonemic fluency [24]32.76 (13.09)28.27 (10.87)
Semantic fluency [24]43.16 (10.91)28.55 (8.25)
Digit cancellation [25]54.04 (4.98)45.00 (9.91)
Similarities [26]20.56 (4.36)19.09 (4.62)
Token task [25]34.77 (1.78)33.21 (2.54)
Rey figure—copy [2729]32.28 (3.92)27.96 (6.92)
Rey figure—memory [2729]16.38 (6.10)7.82 (4.88)
Stroop—time interference [30, 31]19.14 (7.01)43.59 (29.60)
Stroop—error interference [30, 31]0.62 (1.20)4.00 (6.66)
Digit span—forwards [32]6.12 (0.88)5.45 (0.67)
Digit span—backwards [32]4.28 (1.10)3.64 (0.73)
Corsi span [32]4.84 (0.90)4.23 (0.61)
Prose—immediate memory [33]8.76 (2.89)6.05 (3.14)
Prose—delayed memory [33]11.80 (4.35)6.91 (4.29)
Paired associate learning [33]12.92 (3.32)8.71 (2.94)
Naming task [34]19.76 (0.66)18.05 (1.73)

Means and standard deviations are indicated. Group differences were calculated with independent-sample -tests. Note: means significant when corrected for multiple comparisons ().