Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined with Robotic Rehabilitation Improves Upper Limb Function after Stroke
Table 2
Effect of treatment on upper limb functionality and cardiovascular parameters.
Patient
Age
Gender
Stroke
Type of robot
Stimulation
VNS range intensity
FMA PRE
FMA POST
HR PRE
HR POST
sBP PRE
sBP POST
dBP PRE
dBP POST
1
44
M
Isch
InMotion2
Real
2.5–3.2
26
28
69.2
67.0
122.5
126.0
83.0
83.5
2
73
M
Isch
InMotion2
Real
5.1–9.0
31
39
63.4
60.6
117.0
120.5
74.0
75.5
3
54
F
Isch
InMotion3
Real
2.2-3.5
15
25
77.4
70.0
116.0
117.8
76.3
75.5
4
67
M
Isch
InMotion3
Real
1.2–2.8
20
26
74.8
74.6
125.0
124.9
80.6
82.6
5
26
F
Haem
InMotion3
Real
1.6–2.0
13
16
78.2
76.6
104.7
106.0
71.1
71.5
6
52
F
Haem
InMotion3
Real
2.0–7.0
14
17
85.1
84.6
105.0
106.1
71.3
73.1
7
60
M
Isch
InMotion3
Real
1.1–4.0
37
43
67.1
65.8
108.7
103.5
73.8
74.0
Mean
53.7
2.0–4.5
22.3
27.7
73.6
71.3
114.1
115.0
75.7
76.5
8
70
M
Isch
InMotion2
Sham
1.5–8.0
18
19
75.9
72.0
129.0
121.0
76.8
74.8
9
42
F
Haem
InMotion2
Sham
1.6–9.0
25
25
92.3
85.3
141.5
130.5
89.5
87.0
10
75
M
Isch
InMotion3
Sham
3.0–5.0
56
61
77.1
71.5
116.5
116.5
70.0
71.0
11
41
F
Isch
InMotion3
Sham
4.0–9.0
30
37
80.5
76.2
134.7
134.0
88.9
87.9
12
50
M
Haem
InMotion3
Sham
4.0–5.0
34
35
75.8
73.0
134.1
124.4
92.5
88.9
Mean
55.6
2.8–7.2
32.6
35.4
80.3
75.6
131.2
125.3
83.5
81.9
Isch: ischemic; Haem: haemorrhagic; FMA: Fugl–Meyer assessment; HR: heart rate; sBP: systolic blood pressure; dBP: diastolic blood pressure. PRE refers to values recorded immediately before VNS session and POST to values recorded immediately after the end of VNS session. VNS range intensity is expressed in mA.
