Participants with MDD displayed a lower activation of the right middle frontal cortex and bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, with only the right inferior frontal gyrus meeting the stricter cluster extent threshold
Activation of the left hippocampus/striatum and right parahippocampal gyrus was higher for AM recall than a subtraction task in HC but lower in MDD; activation of the anterior insula bilaterally was lower for specific AM recall versus subtraction with the magnitude of the decrement being higher in MDD
Participants with depression exhibited increased functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and ACC and decreased functional connectivity in the PCC/precuneus; the increased functional connectivity in the PCC/precuneus correlated negatively with OGM
During recollection of specific AMs compared to example generation, the following differences were noted: (1) Right Medial Frontal Polar Cortex: MDD > HR and MDD > HC (2) Right Frontal Operculum: HC > HR and MDD > HR (3) Right Pregenual ACC: MDD > HC and MDD > HR (4) Left Pregenual ACC: MDD > HC and MDD > HR (5) Left Cuneus: HR > MDD; HR > HC; MDD > HC and HR > MDD
During recollection of specific AMs compared to example generation, the following differences were noted: (1) Right lateral OFC: rMDD > HC and rMDD > cMDD (2) Right inferior temporal gyrus: rMDD > HC and rMDD > cMDD (3) Right parahippocampus/hippocampus: rMDD > HC and rMDD > cMDD (4) Left DMPFC: cMDD > rMDD; cMDD > HC and rMDD > HC (5) Left parahippocampus/hippocampus: cMDD > rMDD; cMDD > HC and rMDD > HC (6) Left anterior insula: cMDD > rMDD; cMDD > HC and rMDD > HC
MDD = major depressive disorder; MDE = major depressive episode; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; HC = healthy controls; ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; PCC = posterior cingulate cortex; OGM = overgeneral autobiographical memories; HR = individuals at risk for MDD; OFC = orbitofrontal cortex; rMDD = remitted MDD; cMDD = current major depressive episode; WASI = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Treatment-naïve; female count in the sample; age: mean ± SD (years); WASI: mean ± SD.