Class/Group AB2 AB5 AB7 A2 B7 ? Phylogeny Bacteria (prokaryotes) Gram-negative Gram-positive Common name cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) subfamily cholera toxin (Ctx) Shiga toxin (Stx) pertussis toxin (Ptx) subtilase cytotoxin heat labile enterotoxin (LT-I and LT-II) enterotoxin iota anthrax toxin (Atx) exfoliatin B lethal factor (LF) edema factor (EF) Source multiple generaa Vibrio cholerae Shigella dysenteriae Bordetella pertussis Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC)Escherichia coli Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum Clostridium difficile Bacillus anthracis Staphylocococcus aureus Toxic chain or subunit mammalian type I DNase/phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate 3-phosphatase (PTEN) NAD+ -diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase N-glycoside hydrolase [type II ribosome inhibiting protein (RIP)] NAD+ -diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase subtilase-like serine protease NAD+ -diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase antigenically similar to Ctx NAD+ -diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase Zn2+ -dependent endopeptidase F calcium- and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent adenylyl cyclase serine protease Cellular target nuclear DNA/phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) 28S rRNA guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) cleavage of BiP/GRP78 (Hsp70 family ER chaperone) guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) actin G mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKK) cAMP-induced changes of proteins cadherin (desmoglein I) Toxic activity cell cycle arrest at G1 or G2/M checkpoints/apoptosisb alters signal transduction by ribosylation of G proteins leading to increased adenylate cyclase activity and ATP-mediated efflux of choride ions alters signal transduction by ribosylation of G proteins leading to increased adenylyl cyclase activity alters signal transduction by ribosylation of G proteins leading to increased adenylate cyclase activity and ATP-mediated efflux of choride ions ribosylation of actin G removes N-terminal tail of MAPKKs leading to apoptosis elevates the intracellular cAMP concentration leading to water efflux detachment of epidermal cells Cell receptor terminal β -D-galactopyranoside glycoprotein or glycolipid/ganglioside GM3/TEM 181 (E. coli ) ganglioside GM1 glycolipid Gb3 ganglioside GD1a N-glycolylneuraminic acid terminal glycan ganglioside GM1
ANTXR 1 (tumor endothelium marker-8 TEM8 ) ANTXR 2 (capillary morphogenesis protein-2 [CMG2])