A Social Force Model for Pedestrians’ Movements Affected by Smoke Spreading

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2020/8819076/figures/8819076.fig.007a.svgz" name="8819076.fig.007a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Scenario (i)</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2020/8819076/figures/8819076.fig.007b.svgz" name="8819076.fig.007b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Scenario (ii)</td></tr></table>

<div>Contour plots of the dynamic potential (estimated remaining travel time) of 300 pedestrians in scenario (i) and scenario (ii) at <span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.32035pt" id="M192" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.11395 32.7001 8.32035" width="32.7001pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M324 430H196L233 583L223 592L145 529L120 430H54L29 396L31 388H111L56 126C33 15 54 -12 77 -12C137 -12 214 57 250 95L233 119C208 92 155 59 138 59C126 59 120 70 131 125L186 390L298 394L324 430Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.065,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.328,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.744,0)"><path d="M319 325C317 349 306 409 297 431C277 440 250 449 209 449C117 449 57 389 57 319C57 243 122 209 182 182C232 159 261 135 261 91C261 48 227 21 190 21C130 21 85 79 68 145L41 140C41 104 51 36 58 22C75 7 121 -12 172 -12C252 -12 337 35 337 126C337 195 286 231 210 262C166 281 126 304 126 348C126 388 152 417 191 417C240 417 274 378 294 318L319 325Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: A Social Force Model for Pedestrians’ Movements Affected by Smoke Spreading 