Mathematical Modelling and Computational Simulation of the Hydraulic Damper during the Orifice-Working Stage for Railway Vehicles

Figure 16

Comparisons of the force-displacement diagram with the amplitude ±0.5 mm at different excitation frequencies (diameter of orifce3 is 0.5 mm). (a) 2 Hz. (b) 5 Hz. (c) 10 Hz. (d) 15 Hz.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)