Mathematical Modelling and Computational Simulation of the Hydraulic Damper during the Orifice-Working Stage for Railway Vehicles

Figure 15

Comparisons of the force-displacement diagram with the amplitude ±1 mm at different excitation frequencies (diameter of orifce3 is 0.4 mm). (a) 2 Hz. (b) 4 Hz. (c) 6 Hz.

(a)

(b)

(c)