Mathematical Modelling and Computational Simulation of the Hydraulic Damper during the Orifice-Working Stage for Railway Vehicles

Figure 11

Comparisons of the force-velocity diagram with the amplitude ±5 mm at different excitation frequencies (diameter of orifce3 is 0.4 mm). (a) 0.2 Hz. (b) 0.3 Hz. (c) 0.4 Hz. (d) 0.5 Hz.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)