Research Article

Innovation Efficiency of China’s High-End Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from Super-SBM Model and Malmquist Index

Table 2

Variable description.

Criteria layerIndex layerInnovation variablesExplanation

Input indicatorTalent inputFull-time equivalent of R&D personnel (man-year) x1The total number of R&D investment in scientific and technological innovation. Projects reflect the importance of the enterprise and the possibility of the success of the project, which to some extent reflects the scientific and technological innovation ability of the enterprise.
InvestmentIntramual expenditure on R&D (10 000yuan) x2R&D activities are actually used for all expenditures within the unit.
Expenditure for acquisition of foreign technology (10000yuan) x3Technology introduction includes (1) introducing production technology and equipment manufacturing technology, (2) imported as a domestic prototype for digestion, absorption, development, and innovation, (3) introducing talents, and (4) introducing scientific management technology.
Expenditure for technical renovation (10 000 yuan) x4Applying scientific and technological achievements to all fields of production and replacing backward processes and equipment with advanced technology and equipment.
Material inputNewly increased fixed assets (unit, 100 million yuan) x5The newer the fixed equipment for scientific research, the stronger the equipment foundation for scientific and technological innovation, and the more room for scientific and technological innovation.

Output indicatorTechnological outputInventions in force (piece) y1The number of patents authorized by the State Intellectual Property Office.
Economic outputProfits (100 million yuan) y2Benefits from technological products or technologies.
Export (10 000 yuan) y3Providing technology and products to overseas companies, enterprises, scientific research institutions, and other organizations or individuals through trade or economic and technological cooperation.