Optimal Design of Submarine Pipelines by a Genetic Algorithm with Embedded On-Bottom Stability Criteria

Table 5

Soil properties.

Parameter	Scenario 1	Scenario 2
		0–300 m	300–1800 m
Type	Sand	Sand	Clay
Pipe-soil friction coefficient ()	0.7	0.6	0.2
Dry unit soil weight ()	-	-	18000 N/m^3
Submerged unit soil weight ()	13500 N/m^3	13500 N/m^3	-
Undrained clay shear strength ()	-	-	10000 N/m^2