Application of CFD, Taguchi Method, and ANOVA Technique to Optimize Combustion and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine

Table 7

𝑆/𝑁 ratio results.

Factors	Levels	Trial number	𝑆/𝑁 ratio			(𝑆/𝑁)𝑖𝑗
(𝑖)	(𝑗)	(𝑘)	NO𝑥	Soot	ISFC	NO𝑥	Soot	ISFC
𝑈	7%	1	−0.7297	4.7766	0.1561	4.2013	0.1633	−0.0199
		2	3.6189	1.0356	0.0000
		3	9.7148	−5.3225	−0.2157
	17%	4	4.7500	−0.4114	−0.0363	6.1800	−0.6665	−0.0967
		5	9.3041	−5.3657	−0.3040
		6	4.4859	3.7776	0.0502
	27%	7	12.3834	−7.0773	−0.4995	14.3029	−2.9007	−0.1617
		8	11.5794	2.3591	0.0823
		9	18.9458	−3.9839	−0.0680
𝑉	7.20%	1	−0.7297	4.7766	0.1561	5.4679	−0.9040	−0.1266
		4	4.7500	−0.4114	−0.0363
		7	12.3834	−7.0773	−0.4995
	17.20%	2	3.6189	1.0356	0.0000	8.1674	−0.6570	−0.0739
		5	9.3041	−5.3657	−0.3040
		8	11.5794	2.3591	0.0823
	27.20%	3	9.7148	−5.3225	−0.2157	11.0488	−1.8429	−0.0778
		6	4.4859	3.7776	0.0502
		9	18.9458	−3.9839	−0.0680
𝑊	4°CA BTDC	1	−0.7297	4.7766	0.1561	5.1118	3.6378	0.0962
		6	4.4859	3.7776	0.0502
		8	11.5794	2.3591	0.0823
	1°CA ATDC	2	3.6189	1.0356	0.0000	9.1049	−1.1199	−0.0348
		4	4.7500	−0.4114	−0.0363
		9	18.9458	−3.9839	−0.0680
	4°CA ATDC	3	9.7148	−5.3225	−0.2157	10.4674	−5.9218	−0.3397
		5	9.3041	−5.3657	−0.3040
		7	12.3834	−7.0773	−0.4995