A² Chain: A Blockchain-Based Decentralized Authentication Scheme for 5G-Enabled IoT

Table 4

Stats on time-consuming cryptographic operations.

Phase	Computation cost
	UE	EA	DM
Setup and register	—	—	2 +  + 2 +  +2  + 2
Intradomain authentication	+  + 2 +  + 2 +	+  + 2 +  + 2 + 2	\
Cross-domain authentication	+  + 2 +  + 2+	—	+  + 2 +  +2  + 2