Design and Evaluation of Encoded Haptic Pulses for Smartwatches

Table 4

Results of ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test for each haptic pulse.

Haptic pulses	Groups and scores divided through Tukey’s HSD test						ANOVA results
	Unable	Turning On	Low-Energy State	Instant Message (IM)	E-mail	Call	value
Blink decreasing	2.43 (B)	2.97 (B)	2.63 (B)	2.73 (B)	2.63 (B)	4.03 (A)	<0.001
Blink fast	3.53 (AB)	2.47 (C)	3.37 (B)	4.27 (A)	3.93 (AB)	1.70 (C)	<0.001
Blink increasing	2.63 (AB)	2.37 (AB)	2.93 (A)	1.80 (B)	2.00 (B)	3.27 (A)	<0.001
Blink slow	3.57 (A)	2.37 (B)	3.70 (A)	4.07 (A)	3.80 (A)	2.13 (B)	<0.001
Blink thrice	2.60 (B)	3.80 (A)	2.77 (B)	3.80 (A)	3.57 (AB)	2.30 (B)	<0.001
Blink twice	2.47 (B)	3.17 (AB)	2.43 (B)	2.87 (B)	2.90 (B)	3.93 (A)	<0.001
Dark flash	3.00 (AB)	3.07 (AB)	3.33 (AB)	3.87 (A)	3.83 (A)	2.83 (B)	0.002
Fade in	2.70 (A)	2.27 (A)	2.87 (A)	2.50 (A)	2.23 (A)	3.07 (A)	0.063
Fast in slow out	2.53 (B)	2.63 (AB)	2.97 (AB)	3.57 (A)	3.27 (AB)	3.03 (AB)	0.030
Gradual build	2.57 (A)	2.27 (A)	2.93 (A)	2.47 (A)	2.40 (A)	3.10 (A)	0.106
Heartbeat	2.80 (AB)	1.90 (B)	3.40 (A)	2.07 (B)	2.20 (B)	2.83 (AB)	<0.001
Lightning	2.57 (AB)	2.13 (AB)	2.93 (A)	2.20 (AB)	2.03 (B)	2.73 (AB)	0.013
Pulse fast	2.73 (AB)	2.43 (B)	2.93 (AB)	2.80 (AB)	2.47 (B)	3.53 (A)	0.006
Pulse slow	2.60 (AB)	2.03 (BC)	2.36 (BC)	1.93 (BC)	1.73 (C)	3.23 (A)	<0.001
Raindrops	2.77 (A)	3.67 (A)	2.63 (A)	2.70 (A)	2.73 (A)	3.47 (A)	0.011
SOS blink	2.80 (A)	2.33 (A)	2.93 (A)	2.83 (A)	2.57 (A)	3.20 (A)	0.093
Staircase blink	2.87 (B)	2.90 (B)	2.80 (B)	3.27 (AB)	2.83 (B)	3.83 (A)	0.006
Staircase continuous	3.20 (AB)	2.37 (B)	2.83 (AB)	2.73 (AB)	2.30 (B)	3.53 (A)	<0.001
Transmission fixed intensity	2.53 (B)	2.57 (B)	2.70 (B)	2.43 (B)	2.20 (B)	3.97 (A)	<0.001
Transmission random intensity	2.63 (B)	2.33 (B)	2.40 (B)	2.10 (B)	2.00 (B)	3.93 (A)	<0.001

Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (significant at α = 0.05).