Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become the most frequent cause of blindness and loss of visual acuity in the developed countries, and this upward trend is continuing. Retinal vascular leakage, inflammation, and neovascularization (NV) are features of DR. Also closely linked to retinopathy are neural changes such as neuronal cell death, gliosis, microglial activation, and altered glutamate metabolism. In the 21st century, the treatment of diabetic retinopathy will become more available and efficient. Perhaps better understanding of the mechanisms of the action of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators on endothelial cells as well as on other cells regulating angiogenesis might allow for wider introduction of therapeutic protocols. The implementation of cytokine and chemokine antagonists, growth factors in diabetic patients, will avert vascular complications in the form of retinopathy. Therapeutic success in retinopathy treatment depends on close collaboration between a diabetologist and an ophthalmologist. Papers for this special issue should maintain current research trends and concentrate on contemporary knowledge on DR inflammatory mediators and molecular mechanisms, especially signaling molecules, as well as methods used to block TNF, VEGF, and other growth factors. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy
• New inflammation markers in the development of diabetic retinopathy
• Neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy—pathomechanism and therapeutic implications
• Retinal cell apoptosis and microvascular changes in experimental diabetics
• The role of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in DR
• The diagnostic function of optical coherent tomography (OCT) in diabetic retinopathy
• Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for DR

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