Inflammation caused by many intraocular diseases can potentially lead to blindness. This inflammation can be caused by ischemia, diabetes, autoimmunity, infections, tumors, or diseases of unknown cause. The correct diagnosis of inflammatory eye diseases in daily practice remains complicated and challenging due to the lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers.

Biomarkers provide useful information in guiding clinical decision making in patients with inflammatory eye diseases. There are a large number of inflammatory eye disease-related biomarkers in the literature, but only a few of these biomarkers have been validated for clinical use. Novel approaches to biomarker discovery and validation are required for further progress to be made. Omic analyses may be able to answer these clinical questions and could strongly support the identification of novel biomarkers in inflammatory eye diseases. Various methodologies can be used for this purpose. Investigations may involve tumor tissue, adjacent stromal tissue, ocular fluids, and blood samples.

In this Special Issue, we aim to collate original research articles and state-of-the-art reviews on novel or established genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, or metabolomic biomarkers, aiming to elucidate the pathophysiology of inflammatory eye diseases as well as to identify new diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Molecular pathways and cellular communication (e.g., microRNA) up to the clinical use of biomarkers
• Identifying the role of biomarkers in the pathogenesis of inflammatory eye diseases
• Identification of novel pathway alterations in inflammatory eye diseases
• Detection of molecular biomarker candidates that might lead to the comprehensive understanding of eye disease pathophysiology and the development of new therapeutic strategies
• Identifying biomarkers correlated with the severity of ocular diseases