Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

The Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Hospital Admission Is a Novel Predictor for Acute Traumatic Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Expansion after Cerebral Contusion

Table 1

Baseline characteristics according to acute tICH expansion.


Variable		Acute tICH expansion
Variable	Total ()	No ()	Yes ()	value

Demographics and clinical variables
Male sex, no. (%)	862 (75.22%)	438 (74.62%)	424 (75.85%)	0.629
Mean age (SD) (y)	47.97 (18.01)	46.94 (17.90)	49.06 (18.08)	0.046
Severity of injury mechanism, no. (%)				0.370
Mild	250 (28.31%)	129 (27.56%)	121 (29.16%)
Moderate	41 (4.64%)	26 (5.56%)	15 (3.61%)
Severe	592 (67.04%)	313 (66.88%)	279 (67.23%)
Level on Glasgow Coma Scale score, no. (%)				<0.001
Mild (13–15 points)	635 (55.75%)	361 (61.92%)	274 (49.28%)
Moderate (9–12 points)	215 (18.88%)	91 (15.61%)	124 (22.30%)
Severe (3–8 points)	289 (25.37%)	131 (22.47%)	158 (28.42%)
Mean arterial pressure, median (IQR) (mmHg)	98.67 (89.33-108.50)	97.67 (89.00-107.08)	99.67 (90.16-110.00)	0.029
Hypertension, no. (%)	116 (10.52%)	53 (9.38%)	63 (11.71%)	0.207
Diabetes, no. (%)	50 (4.48%)	22 (3.84%)	28 (5.17%)	0.285
Coagulopathy, no. (%)	97 (10.40%)	41 (8.65%)	56 (12.20%)	0.076
Imaging variables
Time to baseline CT, median (IQR) (h)	2.33 (1.50-3.80)	2.50 (1.50-4.00)	2.00 (1.50-3.33)	<0.001
Time from baseline CT to follow-up CT (IQR) (h)	18.00 (10.00-24.00)	18.00 (11.00-24.00)	17.00 (8.18-24.00)	0.016
Intraventricular hemorrhage, no. (%)	71 (6.22%)	34 (5.80%)	37 (6.65%)	0.551
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, no. (%)	847 (74.10%)	392 (66.89%)	455 (81.69%)	<0.001
Subdural hemorrhage, no. (%)	726 (63.41%)	297 (50.68%)	429 (76.74%)	<0.001
Extradural hemorrhage, no. (%)	232 (20.30%)	118 (20.14%)	114 (20.47%)	0.890
Location of contusion, no. (%)				0.007
Frontal	498 (43.49%)	241 (41.13%)	257 (45.97%)
Temporal	514 (44.89%)	257 (43.86%)	257 (45.97%)
Parietal	60 (5.24%)	40 (6.83%)	20 (3.58%)
Occipital	26 (2.27%)	16 (2.73%)	10 (1.79%)
Basal ganglia, brainstem, or cerebellum	47 (4.10%)	32 (5.46%)	15 (2.68%)
Baseline tICH volume, mean (SD) (mL)	4.34 (9.24)	2.86 (6.33)	5.66 (8.69)	<0.001
Follow-up tICH volume, mean (SD) (mL)	8.56 (15.49)	3.12 (9.58)	14.75 (19.60)	<0.001
Inflammatory index parameters
Leukocyte count (10⁹ cells/L)	15.30 (5.55)	14.35 (5.49)	16.32 (5.44)	<0.001
Monocyte count (10⁹ cells/L)	0.85 (0.48)	0.83 (0.48)	0.88 (0.49)	0.047
Lymphocyte count (10⁹ cells/L)	1.31 (0.83)	1.65 (0.95)	0.94 (0.44)	<0.001
MLR	0.83 (0.81)	0.59 (0.37)	1.08 (1.05)	<0.001